Daphnia magna and mixture toxicity with nanomaterials – Current status and perspectives in data-driven risk prediction

The aquatic ecosystem is the final destination of most industrial residues and agrochemicals resulting in organisms being exposed to a complex mixture contaminants. Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly applied many technologies sectors, so there an increasing concern about negative impacts NMs environment after their interaction with co-contaminants. Consequently, toxicology has been gaining attention nanotoxicology recently. Usually, toxicity or combined estimated from individual effects chemicals using mathematical models concentration addition (CA) independent action (IA), however these do not account for metabolic interactions between chemicals, when they act related pathways molecular targets. As unique physico-chemical properties make them highly reactive high surface area adsorption, those may realistically estimate toxicological mixtures containing NMs. co-exposition other environmental contaminants (e.g., organic pollutants heavy metals) cause different such as addition, synergism, antagonism, even complicated responses, including altered toxicokinetics/toxicodynamics, which vary according components properties, exposure conditions, biological system. Therefore, large number factors that influence NM contaminant makes risk assessment task. Daphnia magna one commonly used model species nanotoxicology, studies. It’s advantages include short generation time, small body sizes, ability produce populations rapidly, coupled its completely mapped genome allows use multitude omics techniques understand stress responses daphnids chemicals. Here, we analyse organism, discuss future perspectives NMs-mixtures focusing on harmonization methodologies application data-driven science ecotoxicology.